We talk about things in terms of conventional current, but you can sometimes be asked about electron flow.
Right hand grip rule:
Your thumb is the direction of positive current flow through a wire
Your 'grip' shows the resulting magnetic field, as shown above.
Note that the spacing is important. It increases as the strength of the magnet decreases.
$B=\frac{\mu_{o}I}{2\pi r}=\frac{\mu_{o}}{2\pi}\times \frac{I}{r}$
$r$ is distance from wire
$B$ is the magnetic field strength
$\mu_{o}$ is the magnetic constant ($4\pi \times 10^{-7}$)
Because field in the middle have lines in opposite direction, they cancel out.
Similar argument for opposite directions
If we coil a current, we get a solenoid!
Solenoids concentrate the magnetic fields produced by the current to create an overall, net magnet.
Norrie drew this (the inside it goes inside because its inside a battery or something like that and its like uh goes inside the battery yes)
Electromagnet - Soft(can be magnetised more easily) iron core magnetises and adds to the field
How to make it stronger?
